{"id":5990,"date":"2026-02-09T13:45:48","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T04:45:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ramxeed.com\/zh-tw\/?post_type=column&p=5990"},"modified":"2026-02-09T13:45:48","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T04:45:48","slug":"what-is-non-volatile-memory-2","status":"publish","type":"column","link":"https:\/\/www.ramxeed.com\/zh-tw\/tech-column\/what-is-non-volatile-memory-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08Non-Volatile Memory\uff09\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u89e3\u8aaa\u7a2e\u985e\u3001\u5404\u81ea\u7279\u5fb5\u8207\u7528\u9014"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08Non-Volatile Memory\uff09\u662f\u96fb\u8166\u3001\u667a\u6167\u578b\u624b\u6a5f\u7b49\u88dd\u7f6e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u88dd\u7f6e\uff08Memory\uff09\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u5f9e\u5916\u90e8\u4f9b\u7d66\u96fb\u6e90\u4e5f\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u8a18\u61b6\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u89e3\u8aaa\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u3001\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08Non-Volatile Memory\uff09\u662f\u96fb\u8166\u3001\u667a\u6167\u578b\u624b\u6a5f\u7b49\u88dd\u7f6e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u88dd\u7f6e\uff08Memory\uff09\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u5f9e\u5916\u90e8\u4f9b\u7d66\u96fb\u6e90\u4e5f\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u8a18\u61b6\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u96fb\u8166\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u8655\u7406\u5668\uff08CPU\uff1aCentral Processing Unit\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u9ad8\u901f\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u901a\u5e38\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08\u6c92\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u96fb\u6e90\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u8a18\u61b6\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u983b\u7e41\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5247\u4e00\u822c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5305\u542b\u7531\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u3001\u78c1\u5e36\u3001\u5149\u789f\u7b49\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u591a\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u9650\u5b9a\u8aaa\u660e\u4f7f\u7528\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u7684\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u8207\u7279\u5fb5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u70ba\u552f\u8b80\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08Read Only Memory\uff1aROM\uff09\u548c\u53ef\u6539\u5beb\u7684\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5169\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5728\u88fd\u9020\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5beb\u5165\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u53ef\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4efb\u610f\u6539\u5beb\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ROM\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u88fd\u9020\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5beb\u5165\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u5149\u7f69ROM\uff08MASK ROM\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5beb\u5165\u7684OTP ROM\uff08One Time Programmable ROM\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u53ef\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316ROM\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u53ef\u6539\u5beb\u7684\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u65bc1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u30011980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5be6\u7528\u5316\u7684EEPROM\uff08Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u62b9\u9664\u5f0f\u53ef\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u552f\u8b80\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\u8207\u5feb\u9583\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08FLASH Memory\uff09\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c2000\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u53ef\u9ad8\u901f\u6539\u5beb\u7684\u5f37\u8a98\u96fb\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3001\u78c1\u963b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3001\u96fb\u963b\u8b8a\u5316\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3001\u76f8\u8b8a\u5316\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u65b0\u8208\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08Emerging Memory\uff09\u300d\u800c\u5099\u53d7\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u8208\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u96a8\u6a5f\u9032\u884c\u6539\u5beb\u8207\u8b80\u53d6\u7684RAM\uff08Random Access Memory\uff0c\u96a8\u6a5f\u5b58\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\u5206\u5225\u88ab\u7a31\u70baFeRAM\uff08Ferroelectric RAM\uff0c\u9435\u96fb\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\u3001MRAM\uff08Magnetoresistive RAM\uff0c\u78c1\u963b\u5f0f\u96a8\u6a5f\u5b58\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\u3001ReRAM\uff08Resistive RAM\uff0c\u96fb\u963b\u5f0f\u96a8\u6a5f\u5b58\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\u3001PCRAM\uff08Phase Change RAM\uff0c\u76f8\u8b8a\u5316\u96a8\u6a5f\u5b58\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff1b\u4e5f\u7a31\u70baPRAM\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5404\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u8207\u5b9a\u6027\u7279\u6027\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u88681. \u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u7406\u8207\u7279\u6027\u6bd4\u8f03<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u88681. \u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u7406\u8207\u7279\u6027\u6bd4\u8f03<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u88fd\u9020\u7684FeRAM\uff08\u9435\u96fb\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff09\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5feb\u9583\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u8a18\u61b6\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f03\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u6539\u5beb\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u3001\u6539\u5beb\u6b21\u6578\u6975\u9ad8\uff08\u70ba\u5feb\u9583\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u768410\u842c\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a[2]\uff09\u3001\u6539\u5beb\u6642\u529f\u8017\u4f4e\u7b49\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u81ea\u88fd\u9020\u958b\u59cb\u81f3\u4eca\u5df225\u5e74\u7684FeRAM\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u65b0\u8208\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08Emerging Memory\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6280\u8853\u6210\u719f\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4e5f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u66f4\u512a\u7570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u7d93\u624b\u7684ReRAM\u900f\u904e\u6539\u5beb\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5316\uff0c\u5be6\u73fe\u4e86\u6bd4\u5feb\u9583\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u66f4\u591a\u3001\u8207EEPROM\u540c\u7b49\u7684100\u842c\u6b21\u6539\u5beb\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5176\u7279\u8272\u6240\u5728\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u512a\u5148\u6eff\u8db3\u52a9\u807d\u5668\u7b49\u96fb\u6c60\u9a45\u52d5\u88dd\u7f6e\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u9700\u6c42\u2014\u2014\u4f4e\u5cf0\u503c\u5de5\u4f5c\u96fb\u6d41\u8207\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\uff0c\u5176\u6539\u5beb\u901f\u5ea6\u672c\u8eab\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u4e00\u822cReRAM\u8f03\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u7528\u9014<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5feb\u9583\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u96d6\u7136\u6539\u5beb\u901f\u5ea6\u8f03\u6162\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5176\u5bb9\u91cf\u6975\u5927\uff0c\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u5132\u5b58\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002\u65b0\u8208\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08Emerging Memory\uff09\u7531\u65bc\u5177\u5099\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u4e14\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ef\u7121\u9650\u6b21\u6539\u5beb\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u9818\u57df\u5305\u62ec\u5de5\u696d\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8a18\u9304\u3001\u667a\u6167\u96fb\u9336\u3001RFID\uff08Radio Frequency Identification\uff0c\u5c04\u983b\u8b58\u5225\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\uff08AI\uff09\u7684\u61c9\u7528<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u96a8\u8457\u8fd1\u671f\u751f\u6210\u5f0fAI\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u8655\u7406\u9f90\u5927\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u529f\u8017\u6025\u907d\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u5927\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9020\u6210\u529f\u8017\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u96fb\u8166\u5167\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08\u7528\u65bc\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u6642\u7684\u300c\u6b0a\u91cd\u300d\u8655\u7406\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7a31\u70ba\u611f\u77e5\u5668\uff08Perceptron\uff09\u7684\u591a\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u7531\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u6216\u985e\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u4f86\u57f7\u884c[3]\u3002\u5728\u5404\u5c64\uff08\u7bc0\u9ede\uff09\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u4e58\u7a4d\u548c\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u6703\u52a0\u4e0a\u300c\u6b0a\u91cd\u300d\u5f8c\u50b3\u9001\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c64\u3002\u82e5\u5c07\u6b64\u6b0a\u91cd\u8655\u7406\u6539\u7528\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08Non-Volatile Memory\uff09\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u57165. \u56de\u8072\u72c0\u614b\u7db2\u8def\uff08Echo State Network\uff09\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5404\u5c64\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6703\u4e58\u4e0a\u300c\u6b0a\u91cd\u300dw<\/strong>in<\/sup>\u3001w<\/strong>R<\/sup>\u53caw<\/strong>out<\/sup>\u5f8c\u50b3\u64ad\u3002\u5728\u5132\u5099\u6c60\u904b\u7b97\u4e2d\uff0c\u5132\u5099\u6c60\u5c64\u5229\u7528\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u50c5\u8abf\u6574\u6b0a\u91cdw<\/strong>out<\/sup>\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f7f\u7528FeRAM\u9032\u884c\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6b63\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u56de\u8072\u72c0\u614b\u7db2\u8def\uff08Echo State Network\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5132\u5099\u6c60\u904b\u7b97\uff08Reservoir Computing\uff09\u5099\u53d7\u95dc\u6ce8\uff08\u57165\uff09\u3002\u6b0a\u91cd\u8abf\u6574\u50c5\u5728\u8f38\u51fa\u5c64\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u7bc0\u9ede\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u5132\u5099\u6c60\u5c64\u5247\u5229\u7528\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u53ef\u5be6\u73fe\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2[4]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8207\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u5728FeRAM\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5f37\u8a98\u96fb\u9ad4\u6676\u9ad4\u65b9\u9762\u9032\u884c\u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5de5\u5b78\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u9ad8\u6728\u4fe1\u4e00\u6559\u6388\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u5229\u7528\u5f37\u8a98\u96fb\u9ad4\u6975\u5316\u91cf\u8207\u96fb\u5834\u4e4b\u9593\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5132\u5099\u6c60\u904b\u7b97\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5f15\u8d77\u5ee3\u5927\u95dc\u6ce8[5]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

[1] G. Molas et al., Appl. Sci. vol. 11, p.11254 (2021),
B. Li, et al. p. 381 GLSVLSI 2019\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c3\u8003\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u8207\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u88fd\u9020\u5546\uff08Everspin, Infineon, Samsung, Kioxia\uff09\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u88fd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] \u5bcc\u58eb\u901a\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0cFeRAM\u6982\u8981\u8207\u5be6\u7e3e\uff08\u767d\u76ae\u66f8\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] W. Gardner et al., Atmospheric Environment Vol. 32, p. 2627 (1998),
M. POPESCU, et al., WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on CIRCUITS and SYSTEMS, Vol. 8, p. 579 (2009).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] \u7530\u4e2d\u525b\u5e73\u4ed6\u300a\u5132\u5099\u6c60\u904b\u7b97\u300b\u68ee\u5317\u51fa\u7248\u682a\u5f0f\u6703\u793e 2021.
K. Kamimura, et al., ESSDERC 2019,
S. Oh, et al., APL Mater. 7, 091109 (2019),
M. Lederer et al., IEEE T. Electron Devices 68, p. 2295 (2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] E. Nako, et al., 2020 Symp. VLSI T,
S. 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