{"id":6000,"date":"2026-03-03T10:36:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-03T01:36:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ramxeed.com\/zh-tw\/?post_type=column&p=6000"},"modified":"2026-03-03T10:36:15","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T01:36:15","slug":"how-non-volatile-memory-works-2","status":"publish","type":"column","link":"https:\/\/www.ramxeed.com\/zh-tw\/tech-column\/how-non-volatile-memory-works-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406 \u2014 \u4f9d\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7a2e\u985e\u4ecb\u7d39"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406 \u2014 \u4f9d\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7a2e\u985e\u4ecb\u7d39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5373\u4f7f\u96fb\u6e90\u95dc\u9589\u8cc7\u6599\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u96fb\u6e90\u95dc\u9589\u5f8c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u5247\u56e0\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7a2e\u985e\u800c\u7570\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u89e3\u8aaa\u5404\u7a2e\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u9801\u9762\u4ecb\u7d39FeRAM\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002 \u95dc\u65bcFeRAM\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9801\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FeRAM \u539f\u7406\u5168\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u5f9e\u57fa\u672c\u7d50\u69cb\u5230\u975e\u63ee\u767a\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u6bd4\u8f03<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ReRAM\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u57161 ReRAM\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5716<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5229\u7528\u7f6e\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u6975\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u91d1\u5c6c\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7b49\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\uff08\u5e38\u7528\u926d\u3001\u927f\u7b49\u91d1\u5c6c\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff09\u7684\u96fb\u963b\u8b8a\u5316\u4f86\u8a18\u61b6\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff08\u57161\uff09[2]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u6975\u4e4b\u9593\u65bd\u52a0\u96fb\u58d3\u6642\uff0c\u8655\u65bc\u9ad8\u96fb\u963b\u72c0\u614b\uff08HR\uff09\u7684\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u96fb\u58d3\u4e0b\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7d30\u7d72\uff08Filament\uff09\u300d\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\u8def\u5f91\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u4f4e\u96fb\u963b\u72c0\u614b\uff08LR\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u96fb\u58d3\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d30\u7d72\u6703\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4f7f\u539f\u672c\u8655\u65bcLR\u7684\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u56de\u5230HR\u72c0\u614b\uff08\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u904e\u96fb\u6d41\u4f7f\u7d30\u7d72\u56e0\u71b1\u7194\u5316\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u5c0e\u96fb\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8981\u6062\u5fa9\u5230\u539f\u59cb\u7684HR\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u53cd\u8f49\u96fb\u6975\u6975\u6027\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7d30\u7d72\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u9084\u539f\u53cd\u61c9\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u6539\u5beb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u6975\u65bd\u52a0\u6bd4\u5beb\u5165\u96fb\u58d3\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u96fb\u58d3\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b80\u53d6\u96fb\u6d41\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7531\u65bc\u5fc5\u9808\u65bd\u52a0\u9ad8\u96fb\u58d3\u4e26\u6d41\u901a\u5927\u96fb\u6d41\u624d\u80fd\u6539\u5beb\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u70ba\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u904b\u4f5c\u6a5f\u5236\u7684ReRAM\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5229\u7528\u96fb\u6975\u8207\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u856d\u7279\u57fa\u80fd\u969c\uff08Schottky Barrier\uff09\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5316\u6216\u6c27\u5316\u9084\u539f\u53cd\u61c9\u4f86\u7522\u751fHR\u548cLR\u72c0\u614b\u4e26\u904b\u4f5c\u7684ReRAM\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PCRAM\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u57162 PCRAM\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5716<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5229\u7528\u7f6e\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u6975\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u786b\u5c6c\u5316\u7269\uff08Chalcogenide\uff09\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\uff08\u5e38\u7528Ge\u2082Sb\u2082Te\u2085\uff09\u7b49\u7684\u96fb\u963b\u8b8a\u5316\u4f86\u8a18\u61b6\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff08\u57162\uff09[3]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u985e\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u5728\u975e\u6676\u614b\uff08\u69cb\u6210\u5143\u7d20\u5982\u73bb\u7483\u822c\u7121\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff09\u6642\u70ba\u9ad8\u96fb\u963b\u72c0\u614b\uff08HR\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7d50\u6676\u614b\u6642\u70ba\u4f4e\u96fb\u963b\u72c0\u614b\uff08LR\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u900f\u904e\u5728\u593e\u8457\u786b\u5c6c\u5316\u7269\u7684\u96fb\u6975\u9593\u65bd\u52a0\u96fb\u58d3\u4e26\u6d41\u901a\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u71b1\u786b\u5c6c\u5316\u7269\u3002\u7de9\u6162\u5207\u65b7\u96fb\u6d41\u53ef\u5f62\u6210\u7d50\u6676\u614b\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u5207\u65b7\u96fb\u6d41\u6025\u901f\u51b7\u537b\u5247\u53ef\u5f62\u6210\u975e\u6676\u614b\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u5b8c\u6210\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5beb\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u6975\u65bd\u52a0\u6bd4\u5beb\u5165\u96fb\u58d3\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u96fb\u58d3\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b80\u53d6\u96fb\u6d41\u503c\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u6d41\u901a\u6703\u63d0\u9ad8\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u8a18\u61b6\u5c31\u80fd\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u4fdd\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PRAM\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u786b\u5c6c\u5316\u7269\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u5c07\u8584GeTe\u5c64\u8207Sb\u2082Te\u2083\u5c64\u591a\u5c64\u53cd\u8986\u5806\u758a\uff08\u8d85\u6676\u683c\u7d50\u69cb\uff09\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PRAM\u56e0\u70ba\u5229\u7528\u71b1\u80fd\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u529f\u8017\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e14\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c01\u88dd\u6642\u76f8\u9130\u8a18\u61b6\u55ae\u5143\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u71b1\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u7522\u751f\u932f\u8aa4\u7b49\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MRAM\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u57163 MRAM\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5716<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7528\u8584\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\uff08\u5e38\u7528MgO\uff09\u593e\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u78c1\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a7f\u900f\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u5728\u5169\u500b\u78c1\u9ad4\u9593\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\uff08\u7a7f\u96a7\u96fb\u6d41\uff09\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u78c1\u9ad4\u76f8\u5c0d\u78c1\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u800c\u8b8a\u5316\uff08\u7a7f\u96a7\u78c1\u963b\u6548\u61c9\uff0cTMR\u6548\u61c9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MRAM\u662f\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u7279\u6027\u7684\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08\u57163\uff09[4]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5169\u500b\u78c1\u9ad4\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u540c\u6642\uff08\u5e73\u884c\u72c0\u614b\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u6d41\u901a\u8f03\u5927\u96fb\u6d41\uff08\u4f4e\u96fb\u963b\u72c0\u614b\uff1aLR\uff09\uff1b\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u6642\uff08\u53cd\u5e73\u884c\u72c0\u614b\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u6d41\u901a\u8f03\u5c0f\u96fb\u6d41\uff08\u9ad8\u96fb\u963b\u72c0\u614b\uff1aHR\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u5beb\u5165\u662f\u900f\u904e\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u78c1\u9ad4\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5728\u9130\u8fd1\u914d\u7dda\u6d41\u901a\u96fb\u6d41\u7522\u751f\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u5207\u63db\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08Toggle MRAM\u6216\u7c21\u7a31MRAM\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5728\u5169\u500b\u78c1\u9ad4\u9593\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u8f49\u79fb\u529b\u77e9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08STT-MRAM\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f8c\u8005\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u96fb\u5b50\u5e36\u6709\u7684\u78c1\u6027\uff08\u81ea\u65cb\uff09\u5728\u78c1\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u8207\u901a\u904e\u7684\u78c1\u9ad4\u76f8\u540c\u6642\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u901a\u904e\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e\u4e0b\u65b9\u6ce8\u5165\u96fb\u5b50\u6642\uff08\u5de6\u5716\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u65cb\u65b9\u5411\u8207\u78c1\u9ad4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u80fd\u7a7f\u900f\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u5c0d\u5074\u78c1\u9ad4\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u7ffb\u8f49\u81f3\u8207\u81ea\u65cb\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff08\u81ea\u65cb\u8f49\u79fb\u529b\u77e9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e0a\u65b9\u6ce8\u5165\u96fb\u5b50\u6642\uff08\u53f3\u5716\uff09\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u901a\u904e\u4e0b\u65b9\u78c1\u9ad4\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u6703\u4f7f\u4e0a\u65b9\u78c1\u9ad4\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u7ffb\u8f49\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6539\u5beb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u6975\u65bd\u52a0\u6bd4\u5beb\u5165\u96fb\u58d3\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u96fb\u58d3\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6e2c\u91cf\u96fb\u6d41\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u9032\u884c\u6539\u5beb\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8a18\u61b6\u5c31\u80fd\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u4fdd\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0cMRAM\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ab2\u984c\uff1a\u5916\u90e8\u78c1\u5834\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u88ab\u6539\u5beb\uff1b\u529b\u77e9\u578bMRAM\u9700\u8981\u8f03\u5927\u96fb\u6d41\u4f86\u7ffb\u8f49\u78c1\u9ad4\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u529f\u8017\u589e\u52a0\uff1bSTT-MRAM\u5728\u96fb\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u7ffb\u8f49\u78c1\u9ad4\u78c1\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u71b1\u5f71\u97ff\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6a5f\u7387\u7121\u6cd5\u7ffb\u8f49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6539\u5beb\u6642\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u8a2d\u8a08\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5feb\u9583\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3001EEPROM\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u57164 MOSFET\u3001\u5feb\u9583\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3001EEPROM\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5716<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u662f\u5728\u91d1\u5c6c\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5834\u6548\u96fb\u6676\u9ad4\uff08MOSFET\uff09\u7684\u9598\u6975\u90e8\u5206\u84c4\u7a4d\u96fb\u8377\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u5177\u5099\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u8cc7\u8a0a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76ee\u524d\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u96fb\u6676\u9ad4\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41MOSFET\uff08\u57164(a)\uff09\u662f\u5728\u9598\u6975\u90e8\u5206\u65bd\u52a0\u96fb\u58d3\u4f86\u63a7\u5236\u7a31\u70ba\u901a\u9053\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u96fb\u963b\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u63a7\u5236\u6e90\u6975\u8207\u6c72\u6975\u9593\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u767c\u63ee\u96fb\u6676\u9ad4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1] C. Zhao, et al., Materials 7, pp. 5117-5145 (2014).
[2] ReRAM\u76f8\u95dc\uff1aY. Chen, IEEE T. Electron Dev. 67, pp. 420\u2013433 (2020).
[3] PCRAM\u76f8\u95dc\uff1aM. L. Gallo and A. Sebastian J. Phys. D53, p. 213002 (2020).
[4] MRAM\u76f8\u95dc\uff1aS. Ikegawa et al., IEEE T. Electron Dev. 67, pp.1407-1419 (2020)
[5] \u5feb\u9583\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u76f8\u95dc\uff1aA. Goda, Electronics 10, p.3156 (2021).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":6005,"template":"","column_category":[274],"class_list":["post-6000","column","type-column","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","column_category-feram"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u904b\u4f5c\u6a5f\u5236\u8a73\u89e3\uff1a\u81ea\u65cb\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u6280\u8853\u8207\u5404\u985e\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u539f\u7406\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u6790<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u6a5f\u5236\u55ce\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790 ReRAM \u96fb\u963b\u8b8a\u5316\u3001MRAM \u81ea\u65cb\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u78c1\u963b\u6548\u61c9\u3001PCRAM \u76f8\u8b8a\u539f\u7406\u53ca Flash Memory 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